Nature of subsoil affect type of machine used and the necessity of soil protection. The most common method of production blasting in quarrying, strip mining, and construction excavation is bench blasting. For smaller rock breaking compressed air based jack hammer shall be employed. Removal of igneous, metamorphic, or sedimentary rock or stone, boulders over two cubic yards in volume in open areas and one cubic yard in volume in trenches. University of rizona mining and geological engineering. Drilling and blasting technology is one of the main methods for pressure relief in deep mining. Detail estimating rock excavation grading 91 10 b20624 weathered, but the key is that it has not been moved from its natural bed. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. In order to avoid longterm slope instability and increased maintenance costs, designers should measure and evaluate prominent discontinuities on the rock face using a scan line survey and computerbased kinematic analysis, also known as a equal area net or stereonet analysis. Rock excavation methods drilling rig explosive material. The rock excavation d lunnslling techniques in norway have always been closely linked and adapted to meet the actual ground conditions. Material in a sloped, layered system where the layers dip into the excavation or a slope of four horizontal to one vertical 4h.
Scale of work large volume of excavation may involve complicated phasing arrangement and work planning 4. Drilling and blasting as a tunnel excavation method researchgate. The excavation standards describe various methods and approaches that can be used to design protective systems. Mechanical methods can be split further to partial face e. This paper gives an outline of the method of making a slot by continuous hole drilling, the fracturing machine and its system, and the actual tunnel excavating.
The rock hardness is estimated and transferred to a pdf map with weakness zones. Rock excavation tools disintegrate and remove the rock from boreholes and tunnels by four basic mechanisms. Sloping the sides of the excavation to an angle not steeper than 11 for every foot of depth, the trench must be. Pdf 05 chapter 3 rock excavation methods sohail tarar. Choice of rock excavation methods for the swedish deep repository for spent nuclear fuel. Rock excavation tools the national academies press. Examples of protective systems that can be used to comply with the excavation standards include. Drilling and blasting as a tunnel excavation method. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. Submerged soil or soil from which water is freely seeping. Chapter 9 general rock removal national park service. Rock excavation tools drilling and excavation technologies for. Norwegian tunnelling technology norsk forening for. Size of excavation affect type of machine used and method to excavate.